Turks and Armenians have lived in peaceful co-habitation in Anatolia for about a millennium. The dispute we recently hear about refers to the events of the last 160 years. So, what happened that destroyed the peace of many centuries between the Turks and Armenians? World renown historian...
Professor Justin McCarthy’s book, Turks in America, documents that prejudice against Turks had already existed in Europe and America for centuries. Some date it back to the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 which not only changed its name to Istanbul but also marked the end of the middle...
James Bryce was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 1838. He was educated at the University of Glasgow and Trinity College, Oxford where he became a professor of Civil Law, a position he held from 1870 to 1893. In 1876 he ventured through the Russian empire to the Ottoman Empire where...
Arnold Joseph Toynbee was a British historian, born in London in 1889. He attended Balliol College, Oxford University. Toynbee’s conversations with his son Peter were written in a book. There Peter asks his father “What is your first book?” Toynbee replies “I started writing my first...
In 1915, the 26 year-old historian began working for the intelligence department of the British Foreign Office. The Propaganda Bureau, located in Wellington House, was chaired by Charles Masterman who recruited 25 well-known authors, Arnold Toynbee among the recruits. Toynbee edited the...
